Horticulture and Gardening 01-14

Horticulture and Gardening How to's 1.Box blight The dreaded box blight is becoming more and more widespread. It is a fungal infection which is rarely fatal to the plants but is very unsightly. Two pathogens are responsible – Volutella buxi and Cylindrocladium buxicola, they often occur together, but the latter is the more virulent. Early signs are dark, circular areas on the leaves which spread and gradually cause the leaves to go brown and fall off. Dark streaks can also sometimes be seen on the bare stems. In hedges, irregular, bare leafless patches appear – often along the top. V. buxi primarily enters through wounds in the leaves – for example, after clipping. The spores of both types of blight are sticky and are either water- borne or carried on tools, gloves, people and animals. Sadly, there is no cure available and, as yet, no resistant varieties of box. If you suspect that your box plants are blighted, you could try cutting (or digging) out the affected parts and destroying them. Don't put them on the compost heap. Clear up any dead leaves as research has shown that the fungal spores can persist on both the foliage and in the soil for up to 5 years. If your garden is still blight free give your plants the best chance by improving their cultural conditions. The fungus thrives in a damp cool environment, so place them in an open, sunny situation; they need good ventilation and a well-drained soil. Avoid letting other plants smother your box hedges. Keep them on the dry side and water them at the roots if really necessary, try not to wet the leaves. When it's time to clip your hedges and topiary, choose a dry spell, and always disinfect your tools as you move from one area of box to another. Garden disinfectants are available at garden centres. Finally, it might be safer to propagate new plants from your own cuttings, rather than bringing them in from outside. 2. Cut back epimediums Epimediums are lovely woodland plants grown for their attractive foliage and delicate flowers. They are tolerant of dry shade which makes them very useful in the garden. In early spring, the old bronze winter foliage should be clipped off to reveal the emerging flowers. Epimedium perralchicum ‘Frohnleiton’ is a good variety with golden yellow flowers in April and May. Another good one is Epimedium ‘Pink Elf’ which has pink blooms from March right through to June. 3. Sow tomatoes Now’s the time to look forward to a taste of summer and sow your tomatoes. Regardless of whether you’re going to grow them outside or in the greenhouse, start them off in a seed tray or pots and put them in a warm place to germinate. As soon as they are large enough to handle, pot them on until they are ready to plant in their final position. 4. Sow broad beans f you’re itching to get going on your veg plot, you can make a start now with broad beans. If your soil is still cold and wet, start them off under cover in 3in (8cm) pots and plant them out in a few weeks time. But if your soil is warming up nicely, you can sow them direct. Sow them in a double row leaving 9in (25cm) between each seed and 2ft (60cm) between each double row.